What causes swollen gums?

While healthy gums are pink and firm, swollen gums tend to be red and puffy. They are often one of the symptoms of gum disease, so it’s important to speak to a dentist as soon as possible because there could be worse to come.  

The most common cause of swollen gums (also called inflamed gums) is plaque bacteria that constantly builds up on, around and in between your teeth. It tends to develop when food particles containing carbohydrates (sugars and starches) are left to linger in the mouth.

Unless the plaque bacteria is removed (usually by brushing), it can cause swollen gums around the tooth. This inflammation may eventually spread to the gum socket that holds the tooth or even lead to more serious problems like periodontitis.

There are other causes of swollen gums too, though, so it’s important to talk to your dentist if you have any concerns as an expert can provide the best advice on the right treatment for swollen gums.

Gum disease is rarely painful, so if you have sore gums this is more likely to be caused by something else, for example by brushing too hard, or a dental abscess. If you are concerned that your gums are painful, you should seek professional advice from a dentist on how to help stop sore gums. However, if you have swollen gums, this can be a sign of gingivitis.